Papers with STS datasets

9 papers
Comparison and Combination of Sentence Embeddings Derived from Different Supervision Signals (2022.starsem-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to derive sentence embeddings have not been well understood what properties are captured in the resulting sentences depending on the supervision signals.
Approach: They propose to combine two types of sentence embedding methods with similar architectures and tasks to investigate their properties.
Outcome: The proposed methods perform better on unsupervised and downstream tasks than the proposed methods on untrained STS tasks and probing tasks.
MUSTS: MUltilingual Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for semantic textual similarity (STS) are limited to high-resource languages and do not include datasets annotated focusing on relatedness instead of similarity.
Approach: They propose to evaluate multilingual semantic textual similarity benchmarks which span 13 languages and annotated datasets to evaluate and compare them.
Outcome: The proposed method is the most comprehensive benchmark of multilingual STS methods.
KorNLI and KorSTS: New Benchmark Datasets for Korean Natural Language Understanding (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing benchmark datasets for natural language inference and semantic textual similarity (STS) are not available in the Korean language.
Approach: They construct and release new datasets for Korean NLI and STS . they machine-translate existing English training sets and manually translate development and test sets into Korean to accelerate research on Korean NLU.
Outcome: The proposed datasets are available at https://github.com/kakaobrain/KorNLUDatasets.
Going Beyond Sentence Embeddings: A Token-Level Matching Algorithm for Calculating Semantic Textual Similarity (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) measures the degree to which the underlying semantics of paired sentences are equivalent.
Approach: They propose a token-level matching inference algorithm which can be applied on top of any language model to improve its performance on STS task.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance of almost all language models, with up to 12.7% gain in Spearman’s correlation.
Compositional Evaluation on Japanese Textual Entailment and Similarity (2022.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Despite growing interest in linguistic universals, most NLI/STS studies focus on English.
Approach: They propose a Japanese NLI/STS dataset that was manually translated from the English dataset SICK.
Outcome: The proposed datasets show that pre-trained language models are insensitive to word order and case particles.
Fine-grained Semantic Textual Similarity for Serbian (L18-1)

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Challenge: Semantic textual similarity (STS) is a task of assigning a numerical score to short texts based on the level of semantic equivalence between them.
Approach: They propose to annotate Serbian STS dataset with fine-grained similarity scores . they propose a supervised bag-of-words model that combines part-of speech weighting with term frequency weighting .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on the Serbian STS News Corpus . the proposed model is based on a new morphologically rich language .
ConSERT: A Contrastive Framework for Self-Supervised Sentence Representation Transfer (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing BERT-based pre-trained language models achieve high performance on many downstream tasks, but native derived sentence representations are collapsed and thus poor performance on semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks.
Approach: They propose a framework for self-supervised Sentence Representation Transfer that adopts contrastive learning to fine-tune BERT in an unsupervised way.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on the BERT-derived representations by 8% on STS datasets and shows robustness in data scarcity scenarios.
Generate, Discriminate and Contrast: A Semi-Supervised Sentence Representation Learning Framework (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing supervised sentence embedding techniques rely on expensive human-annotated sentence pairs as the supervised signals.
Approach: They propose a semi-supervised sentence embedding framework that leverages large-scale unlabeled data.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses state-of-the-art methods on four domain adaptation tasks.
EARA: Improving Biomedical Semantic Textual Similarity with Entity-Aligned Attention and Retrieval Augmentation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to measure semantic similarity between biomedical texts are inefficient due to too many biomedically-related entities.
Approach: They propose an entity-aligned, attention-based and retrieval-augmented PLM that aligns the same type of fine-grained entity information in each sentence pair with an entity alignment matrix with an auxiliary loss.
Outcome: The proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art on both in-domain and out-of domain datasets.

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